Land Surveying

 Land surveying is the technique to determine the terrestrial or three-dimensional position of the points and the distances and angles between them. these are commonly practiced by licensed surveyors and members of various building professions. these points are usually on the surface of the earth. and they are often used to establish land maps and boundaries to ownership, locations or other governmentally required or civil law purposes.

Land Surveying is generally gathering information through observations, measurements in the field, questionaries or research of legal instruments and data analysis in the field of planning, designing and establishing of property boundaries. generally, these surveys are done by surveyors. who work with elements of geometry, trigonometry, regression analysis, physics, engineering, metrology, programming languages, and the law.

The Function of Surveying:

Surveyor needs a certain academic qualification and technical expertise to conduct one or more following activities.

  • to determine, measure and represent land, three-dimensional objects, point-fields, and trajectories.
  • to assemble and interpret land and geographically related information
  • to use that information for the planning and efficient administration of the land, the sea, and structures thereon.
  • to conduct research into the above practices and to develop them.

Leveling:

The simplest method of measuring the height is with an altimeter using air pressure to find the height. when more precise measurements are needed means like differential leveling are used. when precise leveling a series of measurements between two points are taken using an instrument and a measuring rod. the difference in height between measurements is added and subtracted in a series to get the net difference in elevation between two endpoints. with Global Positioning System (GPS) elevations can be measured with satellite receivers. usually, GPS is somewhat less accurate than traditional precise leveling. but maybe similar over long distances.

DGPS:

A Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) is an enhancement to the Global Positioning System (GPS) which provides improved location accuracy. In the range of accuracy, from the 15-meter nominal GPS accuracy to about 1-3 cm in the case of best implementations.

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